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Can photovoltaics reduce environmental pollution through recycling?

This article studies how to enhance the deployment efficiency of photovoltaics (PVs) and reduce the environmental pollution process of end-of-life products through recycling. We consider realistic constraints such as recycling opportunities, resource and mineral supplies, waste treatment capabilities, and climate goals for PV development.

Are there open challenges to PV recycling?

Open challenges to PV recycling and key recommendations to address these challenges have been discussed in detail. Among the open challenges to widescale adoption of PV recycling, one of the biggest barriers is the low price of recovered materials, which does not justify recycling costs of EOL PV modules compared with landfilling.

How to tackle challenges in photovoltaic (PV) recycling?

The four key recommendations to tackle challenges in photovoltaic (PV) recycling are as follows: promote design for recycling (DfR); data availability; advance policy; and incentivize upcycling. DfR concepts need to be incorporated in the design phase and can be explored through innovations in the frame, material choices and module lamination 111.

What is a photovoltaic recycling review?

This Review provides a critical assessment of the existing photovoltaic recycling technologies, discusses open challenges and makes key recommendations, such as the promotion of design for recycling, widening data availability, policy developments and incentives for upcycling.